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Tyrol (German: About this sound Tirol (help·info); Italian: Tirolo; Latin: Tirolis) is a region of Europe:

Places, and geographical entities

Tyrol–South Tyrol–Trentino Euroregion, a Euroregion comprising the historical Tyrol region

Tyrol (state) in Austria

East Tyrol, part of the State of Tyrol

North Tyrol, part of the State of Tyrol

South Tyrol, a province of northern Italy

Tirol, South Tyrol, a municipality in South Tyrol

Historical

History of Tyrol

County of Tyrol, a former political entity in existence until the early 20th century comprising territory in the Italian region of Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and the Austrian state of Tyrol

German Tyrol, the German-speaking area of the old County of Tyrol

Other geographical entities

Tirol, a village in Doclin Commune, Caraş-Severin County, Romania

Tyrol Basin, a ski and snowboard area located in Mount Horeb, Wisconsin

Other

Tyrolia, a brand of ski bindings, now part of the Head company

Galen Tyrol, a fictional character from the re-imagined miniseries and television series Battlestar Galactica

Tirol (fictional planet), the homeworld of the Robotech Masters in the anime series Robotech

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Austria (Listeni/ˈɔːstriə/ or /ˈɒstriə/; German: Österreich [ˈøːstɐˌʁaɪç] ( listen)), officially the Republic of Austria (German: About this sound Republik Österreich (help·info)) (lit. Eastern Realm), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of roughly 8.5 million people[5] in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers 83,855 square kilometres (32,377 sq mi) and has alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous, lying within the Alps; only 32% of the country is below 500 metres (1,640 ft), and its highest point is 3,798 metres (12,461 ft).[6] The majority of the population speak local Bavarian dialects of German as their native language,[7] and Austrian German in its standard form is the country's official language.[8] Other local official languages are Hungarian, Burgenland Croatian, and Slovene.[6]

The origins of modern-day Austria date back to the time of the Habsburg dynasty when the vast majority of the country was a part of the Holy Roman Empire. From the time of the Reformation, many Northern German princes, resenting the authority of the Emperor, used Protestantism as a flag of rebellion. The Thirty Years War, the influence of the Kingdom of Sweden and Kingdom of France, the rise of the Kingdom of Prussia, and the Napoleonic invasions all weakened the power of the Emperor in the North of Germany, but in the South, and in non-German areas of the Empire, the Emperor and Catholicism maintained control. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Austria was able to retain its position as one of the great powers of Europe[9][10] and, in response to the coronation of Napoleon as the Emperor of the French, the Austrian Empire was officially proclaimed in 1804. Following Napoleon's defeat, Prussia emerged as Austria's chief competitor for rule of a larger Germany. Austria's defeat by Prussia at the Battle of Königgrätz, during the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 cleared the way for Prussia to assert control over the rest of Germany. In 1867, the empire was reformed into Austria-Hungary. After the defeat of France in the 1870 Franco-Prussian War, Austria was left out of the formation of a new German Empire, although in the following decades its politics, and its foreign policy, increasingly converged with those of the Prussian-led Empire. During the 1914 July Crisis that followed the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, the German Empire guided Austria in issuing the ultimatum to Serbia that led to the declaration of the First World War.

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