Chittagong

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Chittagong /tʃɪtəɡɒŋ/ (Bengali: চট্টগ্রাম Bengali pronunciation: [tʃɔʈʈɔgram]: Porto Grande De Bengala; Mughal Islamabad) is the second most populous city and main seaport of Bangladesh. It is a major commercial, financial and industrial hub. Located on the Karnaphuli River, it is the administrative seat of Chittagong District and Chittagong Division (the largest division of Bangladesh). The metropolitan area has a population of 4 million residents. The city straddles hilly terrain and faces the Bay of Bengal.

Chittagong has a recorded history dating back more than a millennium. Arabs traded with its port since the 9th-century. It was visited by numerous historic world travellers, such as Ibn Battuta and Niccolo De Conti, as well as the Chinese Imperial Treasure Fleet. It gained prominence as a Portuguese trading center during the 16th-century. Under British rule, it was a divisional capital in the Bengal Presidency and the headquarters of the Assam Bengal Railway. The Port of Chittagong developed during the late 19th-century. It was a major gateway for the tea, rice, jute and oil trade in the region. The city and its airport were a vital base for American and British forces during the Burma Campaign in World War II. After the Partition of British India in 1947, Chittagong became the chief port of East Pakistan. During the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971, the declaration of Bangladesh's independence was proclaimed from Chittagong.
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Bangladesh

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Bangladesh /bɑːŋlɑːdɛʃ/; Listeni/ˌbæŋɡləˈdæʃ/ (বাংলাদেশ, pronounced: [ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ] ( listen), lit. "The land of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ Gônôprôjatôntri Bangladesh), is a country in South Asia. It is bordered by India to its west, north and east; Burma to its southeast and separated from Nepal and Bhutan by the Chicken’s Neck corridor. To its south, it faces the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh is the world's eighth-most populous country, with over 160 million people, and among the most densely populated countries. It forms part of the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal, along with the neighbouring Indian states of West Bengal and Tripura.

The present-day borders of Bangladesh took shape during the Partition of Bengal and British India in 1947, when the region used to be known as East Pakistan, as a part of the newly formed state of Pakistan. It was separated from West Pakistan by 1,400 km of Indian territory. Due to political exclusion, ethnic and linguistic discrimination and economic neglect by the politically dominant western wing, nationalism, popular agitation and civil disobedience led to the Bangladesh Liberation War and independence in 1971. After independence, the new state endured poverty, famine, political turmoil and military coups. The restoration of democracy in 1991 has been followed by relative calm and economic progress. In 2014, the Bangladeshi general election was boycotted by major opposition parties, resulting in a parliament and government dominated by the Awami League and its smaller coalition partners.


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